ABSTRACT
Renal fibrosis is the main pathological foundation of chronic kidney diseases progressing to end-stage renal diseases. With complex pathogenic factors and prolonged disease course， it threatens the quality of life of patients and brings about heavy financial burden to medical care. In the instance of intestinal flora disturbance， the internal homeostasis is broken， resulting in various "imbalances". The "combination of state and target" endows the syndrome differentiation-based treatment of renal fibrosis with new connotation from the perspective of intestinal flora reconstruction and microbial diversity restoration. In addition， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）-targeted intervention of intestinal microecology has unique advantages under the principle of "treating different diseases with the same method"， which can guide the diagnosis and treatment of renal fibrosis. To be specific， TCM emphasizes macroscopic regulation of state and microscopic targeting. In view of the inflammatory response， accumulation of endotoxin， and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix （ECM） in the process of renal fibrosis， the strategies for treating this disease have been developed， such as alleviating dampness，removing turbid toxin， and relieving deficiency and stasis. Famous prescriptions in ancient books or compound Chinese medicine prescriptions， classical formulas， Chinese medicine monomers， or active components of Chinese medicine target intestinal microecology. Therefore， from the perspective of common pathogenic factors of renal diseases （renal fibrosis） or pathological product-intestinal microecological imbalance， this article combines TCM basic theory with modern medical pathogenesis， and summarizes the research on TCM intervention of renal fibrosis by regulating intestinal microecology and the scientific connotation of renal fibrosis， which is expected to provide ideas and methods for the product development and related preparations and in-depth molecular biological research.